Simple .NET/ASP.NET PDF document editor web control SDK

This chapter has given you more than just information about the Python language; it has introduced you to several concepts that may have been completely foreign to you. Let me try to summarize them for you: Objects. An object consists of attributes and methods. An attribute is merely a variable that is part of an object, and a method is more or less a function that is stored in an attribute. One difference between (bound) methods and other functions is that methods always receive the object they are part of as their first argument, usually called self. Classes. A class represents a set (or kind) of objects, and every object (instance) has a class. The class s main task is to define the methods its instances will have. Polymorphism. Polymorphism is the characteristic of being able to treat objects of different types and classes alike you don t have to know which class an object belongs to in order to call one of its methods. Encapsulation. Objects may hide (or encapsulate) their internal state. In some languages this means that their state (their attributes) is only available through their methods. In

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Rails you re running. The preceding structure was generated by Rails 1.1.6, the official production release of Rails at the start of 2007.

If you choose not to address both the visual and verbal channels, you can see from the Notes Page view of a conventional slide shown in Figure 2-15 that you load up the slide area at the top with all of the information you want to communicate both visually and verbally. Because half of the available real estate available for information in Notes Page

In this section we re going to go through the directories and files created by rails and look at what they re for. Don t become overwhelmed by this section. If there s something you don t understand, keep going, as most of the new terms and concepts mentioned here are explained as we use them throughout this chapter. rails generates the following main folders: app: This folder contains most of the Ruby source code and output templates directly associated with the application. It contains several other folders that I ll cover next. app/controllers: Contains the controller files. In an empty project, only application.rb exists. application.rb is an application-wide controller where you can define methods that all other controllers inherit. app/helpers: Contains helper files Ruby source code files that provide methods that you can use from views. app/models: Contains a file for each model in the application. In an empty project no models are yet defined, so this directory is empty. app/views: Contains the output templates (views) for the application. Typically each controller has its own folder under app/views, with templates located in those folders. There s also a layouts folder that Rails uses to store generic applicationwide templates.

components: Contains discrete MVC component applications This feature isn t commonly used any more and is mostly there for historical reasons (indeed, this folder might not even be present in your Rails project depending on the version of Rails you re using) Plugins, covered at the end of this chapter, have largely replaced components config: An important folder that contains configuration files for the application databaseyml is a YAML file with information about the database(s) that the application will use environmentrb and bootrb are prebuilt files that you usually won t need to edit, unless you want to tweak fine details of how your application is started routesrb is covered later in this chapter in the section Routing db: A folder to be used for database dumps, backups, and migrations doc: Contains any RDoc documentation generated for the application.

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